Malcolm X An African American Leader - 1337 Words

Malcolm X was an African-American leader and prominent figure in the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X articulated concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the 1950s and 60s. Born on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm X was a prominent black nationalist leader who served as a spokesman for the Nation of Islam during the 1950s and 60s. Due largely to his efforts, the Nation of Islam grew from a mere 400 members at the time he was released from prison in 1952 to 40,000 members by 1960. Articulate, passionate and a naturally gifted and inspirational orator, Malcolm X exhorted blacks to cast off the shackles of racism by any means necessary, including violence. The fiery civil rights leader broke with the group shortly before his assassination, February 21, 1965, at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan, where he had been preparing to deliver a speech. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the fourth of eight children born to Louise, a homemaker, and Earl Little, a preacher who was also an active member of the local chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and avid supporter of black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Due to Earl Little s civil rights activism, the family faced frequent harassment from white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and one of its splinter factions, the Black Legion. In fact, Malcolm X had his first encounter with racism before he was even born.When my mother was pregnantShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of the Civil Rights Leaders Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthat civil right leaders had to make. Civil right leaders constantly risk their lives and their freedom. Civil right leaders fought for equality and freedom for African Americans. Over 70% of African Americans were experiencing segregation and discrimination during the civil right mo vement. African Americans only had one another for support, so during this time African Americans appreciated civil right leaders. During the civil rights movement, many leaders helped African Americans cope with changesRead MoreThe Significance of the Role of Malcolm X on African American Activists1634 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent was the role of Malcolm X significant in the rise of radical African American activism (1965-1968)? A. Plan of the Investigation To what extent was the role of Malcolm X significant in the rise of radical African American activism (1965-1968)? This investigation will assess the significance of Malcolm X’s significance in giving rise to African American activism. Malcolm X’s motives, involvement in the civil rights movement and his leadership will all be discussed in order toRead MoreMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1950’s and 1960’s was an era of major conflict between African Americans and whites in the United States which led to discrimination and disorder in the states. African Americans were fortunate to have outstanding leaders who fought for a difference and change during the Civil Rights movement. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two powerful individuals who gave hope to African Americans and oppressed people in the United States. They are both well known individuals for their CivilRead MoreMartin Luther King Qualities1327 Words   |  6 Pages　　Intelligent and his incredible actions made Martin Luther King to become a gr eat leader in civil rights movement. Martin Luther King was a social activist and Baptist minister who led the civil rights movement from the mid-1950s to 1960s. According to the website called Martin Luther King Jr.-Biography, Martin Luther king was graduated from high school when he was fifteen. 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(Northouse 93) Permanently altering White perceptions enough to allow African Americans the rights necessary to be equal to them was no easy task. His followers needed to be given the confidence necessary to stand up for their rights at all times and against anyone oppressing them. Operating in a coaching style, he instructed hisRead MoreThe Montgomery Boycott And Martin Luther King And The Civil Rights Movement1019 Words   |  5 PagesEven after the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments were declared, African-Americans faced segregation, oppression and race-inspired violence and laws, such as the Jim Crow Laws. After African-Americans obtained their end of slavery and earned their citizenship, Jim Crow Laws were placed, adding the â€Å"Separate but equal† which separated Africans to whites in public places, such as schools. In the year of 1954, the Supreme Court abolished the statement, â€Å"Separate but equal† as it was unconstitutional. ManyRead MoreA Brief Biography of Malcolm X698 Words   |  3 Pagessmall town of Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm Little was born to Louise Little and Earl Little. Little did they know that their son would change the future for African-Americans. Malcolm had a rough childhood due to the fact that he lived during the time of racism between African-Americans and Caucasians. Malcolm was treated a little different, because the color of his skin. Malcolm was lighter than his other siblings. Malcolm was treated badly by African-Americans, because they thought he was bi-racialRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two freedom fighters who shared the same goal, which was freedom, justice and equality, but differed in their methods. 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The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Joseph Stalin And Adolf...

The purpose of this paper is to explain the strengths and weaknesses of Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler with regards to their respective leadership styles and their interaction with their subordinates. I will analyze each leader’s qualities and then compare them to one another as I close out this document. This paper will rely extensively on knowledge gained through reading of two sources of documentation. The first document from Seweryn Bialer called â€Å"Stalin and His Generals† and the second document is from Albert Speer and his memoir â€Å"Inside the Third Reich†. I will first focus on Adolf Hitler by utilizing Albert Speer’s, â€Å"Inside the Third Reich† and then change the focus to Joseph Stalin by referencing Seweryn Bialer’s piece, â€Å"Stalin and His Generals† and then give my thoughts as I compare the two leaders for the conclusion of the paper. Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party and would eventually become Ger many’s Fuhrer for the duration of World War 2. In the early years of the second world war Hitler would see many successful military operations. With the tide of the war leaning in Hitler’s favor early on, each successful operation slowly skewed Hitler’s belief that he was truly a master tactician. Well known for underutilizing his senior staff, Hitler would rely mostly on what he saw from his position, as successful advances based of his own intellect. This mentality would be carried along throughout the wars’ entirety with inability to recognize the value of hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Timothy Snyder s Book Bloodlands : Europe Between Hitler And Stalin975 Words   |  4 PagesGermany and consider it to be the cause of the highest death count of the time. However, this may not be the case. Timothy Snyder argues in his book entitled Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin that Hitler was not the sole bad guy of the time period. Despite the differ ing goals of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin, the two regimes intertwined to create a death toll in the bloodlands region of Europe that neither could have achieved on its own and was unprecedented in western history. The â€Å"bloodlands†Read MoreCommunism And The Communist Manifesto3222 Words   |  13 Pagesjustice in society and how it plays into the communist manifesto. I will then analyze the impacts that technological evolution has had in society and show that it does not always benefit mankind. Finally, I will conclude with a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the manifesto as it relates it to the present world. Communism was a political view point that was invented by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marx and Engels meet in 1844 and just 4 years later in 1848 they wrote and published, â€Å"TheRead MoreDemocracies are more likely to win â€Å"Total Wars† than totalitarian regimes.’ 2296 Words   |  10 Pages â€Å"had Hitler been born, say, in a Buckinghamshire village in 1889 instead of an Austrian village, he would no doubt have ended on the gallows or in a madhouse† . The very nature of democracy prevents the rise of ruthless and usually volatile figureheads who in an autocratic regime can manipulate and seize control of an entire nation. However, the German inter-war period, with its lack of political stability and the turmoil its numerous governments and leaders faced, allowed men like Hitler to seizeRead MoreThe Rise and Rule of Single-Party States7795 Words   |  32 Pagessingle-party States Contents1 The Rise and Rule of Single-party States * 1.1 The Emergence of single party states in Europe after 1917 * 1.2 China- Mao Zedong * 1.3 Italy- Benito Mussolini * 1.4 Germany- Adolf Hitler * 1.5 Russia- Josef Stalin * 1.6 Cuba- Fidel Castro | Introduction * The 20th century produced many single-party states. The origins, ideology, form of government, organization, nature, and impact of these should be studied in this topic. QuestionsRead MoreMost important turning point of WW22186 Words   |  9 Pagesthe last major engagement of the battle. On that day, the Luftwaffe lost 60 planes while the RAF lost 28. The overall casualties amounted to Germany losing 1,100 planes whereas Britain had lost just over half that amount (650). On September 17th, Hitler cancelled the invasion of Britain. The invasion would not have been possible if the Royal Navy had been able to attack the barges; and, with the RAF in existence the Germans could not hope to attack the Royal Navy. So, no invasion took place. If BritainRead MoreWhy Do People Become Leaders?1860 Words   |  8 Pagesand esteem needs. Higher motivations of â€Å"doing good† and â€Å"making a difference† link with the self-actualisation. Darker side of leadership/ Pseudotransformational leadership There is however a dark side to leadership. Individuals like Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein were extreme examples of effective leaders who were able to inspire loyalty and group identification, and persuade people to share a heinous vision and commit unspeakable atrocities. Leaders, like the rest of us areRead MoreThe Great Depression And World s Hegemonic Superpower Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesencompassed the globe. The United States had partaken just imperceptibly in the First World War, however the experience was adequately exorbitant that Americans turned their nation positively internal in the 1920s. They incapacitated their military strengths and quickly destroyed the country s war apparatus. The United States Senate declined to endorse the Treaty of Versailles and rejected enrollment in the beginning League of Nations. Congress in 1922 effectively shut the American market to outsideRead MoreOverview. When Considering Leadership Studies, The Research7695 Words   |  31 Pagespercent of all articles written between 1990 and 2000 in Leadership Quarterly were about transformational leadership. Along similar lines of thought, Vann et al. label transformational leadership as the darling of leadership studies (2014, p. 30). A strength of transformational leadership is the focus on the relationship between the leader and followers.This relationship building facet of transformational leadership can enhance a sense of community, teamwork and trust. Avci (2015) notes that transformationalRead MoreLeadership And High Stakes Testing9429 Words   |  38 Pagesthe appropriate leadership style to utilize. These levels (S-1 through S-4) vary in degree of support from a directing and delegating approach to one of coaching and supporting (Northouse, 2013, p. 100). As an approach to leadership, one of the strengths noted with situational leadership is its highly prescriptive nature. This approach is grounded more in practical application than in a theoretical framework and allows a high level of trainability for leadership development (Northouse, 2013, p.Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesinterwar campaigns for human rights and dignity, principles were enunciated and precedents established that would form the basis for the more broadly based human rights struggles of the last half of the century. Due in large part, however, to the weaknesses of the League, resistance to the rise of internal repression and interstate aggression in the interwar years was feeble at best. Stalinist, fascist, and Japanese militarist contempt for civil rights, much less even peaceful protest, opened the

Internet of Things

Question: How does the internet of things affect the mining industry? Answer: Introduction Internet of things is considered as computing concept that helps in explaining future where regular physical element can be connected with the internet. The IoT is effective in increasing the link between people and things and huge opportunity is provided by it. Therefore, business or industry can be benefited from the internet of things. The assignment will be dealing with the affect of internet of things with reference to mining industry. Affect of Internet of Things on Mining Industry Makes Mining Safer: The Internet of Things (IoT) is effective in improving the safety. The machines used in mining sector are normally big and powerful that is difficult for the workers to handle them in efficient manner (Wang and Zhang, 2012). Therefore, in order to avoid accidents, location or proximity sensors can be incorporated in heavy equipment. On the other hand, warning technology such as RF locating devices, radar, video and GPS can be useful in ensuring safety regarding mining and construction (Andreev et al. 2012). Thus, IoT could be useful for protecting workers and doing mining work in safer way. Autonomous Operation: The autonomous, self driving mining trucks can be useful for the transportation of product that can decrease the chances of being getting hurt to humans. The trucks can be lased with sensors, GPS and radar direction system that can help the trucks in navigating routes and reaching to destination in quick time (Han, 2014). On the other hand, the Autonomous Hauling System can be valuable to improve the operational efficiency. Therefore, the trucks can be connected wirelessly and controlled by a person sitting at other place. Thus, IoT can connect the people with the trucks without physical movement and carrying the work in productive manner (Hersent et al. 2012). Remove Driver Fatigue: The internet of things can be effective in eliminating the fatigue of the driver by incorporating the driverless mining trucks. Moreover, it can provide safety to the employees and also it can also decrease the number of humans from the mining site. Therefore, autonomous trucks can be useful for optimizing operation without making any shift changes or requirement of lunch breaks (Jia and Gao, 2013). Therefore, it can be considered that internet of things can be valuable for the driver to remain healthy and safe and also free from work pressure. Increase production: The internet of things can enhance the production of mining industry and operational efficiency. The supervisors through the use of IoT, they can monitor the shift changes, location of miners, status of vehicle and total amount of buckets filled and transported. Therefore, it can be effective in knowing the position of vehicle so that instant message can be sent to the driver in order to adjust with the route so that more ore or other materials can be picked up (Jianjun and Mingxing, 2013). The vehicles can be utilized hundred percent that can increase the production level and that too in safest manner. Efficient processes: The mining industry with the employment of real time operational insights can make effective decisions and can also be successful in decreasing the costs of operation. The sensors and actuators can be useful in providing the real time data regarding the work process or activities that can help in monitoring and enhancing the process efficiency (Liu, Yan and Yang, 2015). On the other hand, the human intervention can be reduced that could be effective in doing the work in systematic and productive way. Control over resource utilization: The operation manger of the mining industry can monitor the utilization of equipment to the fullest through the internet of things. On the other hand, through the use of connected sensors, the manager can control inventory management or can ensure efficient utilization of expensive equipment or machinery (Michahelles et al. 2012). Therefore, the sensors would be useful for the manager to check the work of machinery and its utilization by the workers. Asset Utilization: The internet of things can be helpful in promoting before the service vehicle could break down or can lead to interruption in the production. The vehicles could be connected with the network that can send telemetry data over the wireless channel such as pressure of tire, oil and engine temperature, total buckets dumped, etc (Ning and Hu, 2012). Therefore, if the data is out of range then the vehicle can be send for repair and on the other hand, if the vehicle I not ready as per the schedule then a notification is sent to supervisor and the supervisor can ask for other vehicle. Thus, internet of things can help in improving the asset utilization that can increase the operation process (Qiao and Wang, 2012). Cost Savings: As the internet of things is useful for improving asset utilization then it is effective in reducing the cost of operations. The mining industry can be benefited from internet of things. For instance, smart meters can be effective in eliminating manual readings. On the other hand, service can also be improved, for example remote monitoring of employees. Apart from that, internet of things can improve the telecommunications and business intelligence that can help in savings operating costs. For example, a Dundee Precious metal was able to save $2.5 million in operating costs. Moreover, it helped in increasing their productivity from 500000 to 2 million tons. Industry Transformation: The internet of things can herald transformation in the mining industry. The IoT can be useful for the industry in utilizing the business asset or infrastructure in most innovative ways that can be valuable in generating additional revenue and large attraction of ore and in safest way. On the other hand, the supply chain can be improved by employing real time tracking of raw materials or parts. Therefore, internet of things could be useful in decreasing the working capital requirements and disruption in the manufacturing can be avoided. Conclusion It can be concluded from the whole assignment that internet of things is useful for the mining industry in increasing their productivity and operational efficiency. The internet of things provides new means in the industry that lower down the workloads and interaction between the people and things is effective. The mining industry is able to coordinate their employees and equipments that help in decreasing operating costs and consumption of fuel. References Andreev, S., Balandin, S. and Koucheryavy, Y. (2012). Internet of things, smart spaces, and next generation networking. Berlin: Springer. Han, Y. (2014). Study on Application of Internet of Things in Express Delivery Services Industry. AMR, 933, pp.729-733. Hersent, O., Boswarthick, D. and Elloumi, O. (2012). The internet of things. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Jia, M. and Gao, Q. (2013). Manufacturing Industry in China Informatization Development Analysis Based on the Internet of Things. AMR, 694-697, pp.2471-2475. Jianjun, Z. and Mingxing, L. (2013). Evaluation of Coal Mining Safety Management Information Sytem Based on the Internet of Things. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 11(10). Liu, J., Yan, Z. and Yang, L. (2015). Fusion An aide to data mining in Internet of Things. Information Fusion, 23, pp.1-2. Michahelles, F., Havinga, P. and Wang, J. (2012). Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on the Internet of Things. [Piscataway, N.J.]: IEEE. Ning, H. and Hu, S. (2012). Technology classification, industry, and education for Future Internet of Things. International Journal of Communication Systems, 25(9), pp.1230-1241. Qiao, H. and Wang, G. (2012). An Analysis of the Evolution in Internet of Things Industry Based on Industry Life Cycle Theory. AMR, 430-432, pp.785-789. Wang, Y. and Zhang, X. (2012). Internet of things. Berlin: Springer.

My Lost Love Essays - 9, DraftZoro 4 Eva, Startup Cult, Lost Love

My Lost Love It was ever so dark that evening. It hurt to look at her. It was like looking at my heart barely beating on the floor. I couldn't stand it. Love never hurt me this much. I can't believe this happened. Why me? Why her? Why us? In an instant it was over. I remember the first time we met. It was actually kind of funny. She was walking her dog. Actually, the dog was walking her. I was reading a poem and walking along. When all of the sudden, we collided. The second I looked up into her eyes, I fell for her harder than an avalanche off of Mount Everest. I think she felt the same way because we didn't look away for what seemed like 5 hours. We talked in the park for about an hour and a half. She told me her name was Kristeen Thorne and told me that she was a new student at Orangeville High School; the same school I attended. We found that we had six out of seven classes together, which was a very good thing. I asked her to go out with me that Friday night. We went to the movies first, and then we went to Vinnie Vicci's Italian restaurant. The date was perfect and the person I was with made the date seem like Heaven. We dated non- exclusively for about one month. On our one month anniversary, I gave her my letter jacket which I earned playing varsity football. And while I did that, I asked her to date exclusively. She answered my question so fast I didn't realize that she said yes. We started going out together almost every weekend and talked on the phone all night and walked with each other to class everyday, and I gave her a ride to and from school everyday. We had been going out for about 3 months. The student body voted us cutest couple of the year. We had to get our pictures taken for the year book. We went to the spring dance together and were voted the king and queen of the dance. Then the school year came to an end. That summer we spent most of the time together. We went to Kyber Lake for the Fourth of July weekend. My dad let us borrow his boat for the weekend, and we stayed at a camp ground. On Friday, when we got there, I took the boat for a test drive to see if it was still running. It's was working. I took her to the little secret cove that only I knew. We stayed in that cove for about 2 hours just talking and kissing and gazing at each other. At that time, the only thing I was hoping for was that this moment never would end. When I looked into her soft blue eyes, I was completely under her spell. We would stare into each others eyes and then kiss. Her soft, tender lips caressing mine, and all I could do was watch the magic. She had this touch. It was like an angel touching my soul. We went back to camp about 9 :30 p.m.. On Saturday, some friends came and camped with us for the rest of the weekend. We were on the boat most of the time at the lake skiing, tanning, and show- boating. The summer flew by faster than light. When school started, our feelings had increased. This year we only had 3 classes together, but it didn't affect how much we saw each other. The first few months of the school year went by really quick. Matt, my close friend, was having a Halloween party at his house. We decided to go as Romeo and Juliet. Everyone thought our costumes were cute. Matt, the smart person he is, did not allow any beer at this party, but Kristeen and I promised each other we would never drink at parties. We all partied our hearts out, but in the end, Matt had one heck of a mess to clean up. As the year went on, we kept the romance alive. It finally got to our one year anniversary on December 17, 1998. For our anniversary I gave her a 1 karat diamond necklace, and she gave me a 24 karat chain and in the middle of the chain were both of our names connected with two hearts. Christmas came around and everyone was in a holiday mood. My family celebrated Christmas with a family reunion, and Kristeen's

Mass Media and Public Attitude to Crime in Britain Essays

Mass Media and Public Attitude to Crime in Britain Essays Mass Media and Public Attitude to Crime in Britain Essay Mass Media and Public Attitude to Crime in Britain Essay An Objective inquiry by Dr. Ignatius Gwanmesia into the importance of the influence of the mass media on our attitude to crime. Introduction The British crime phobia â€Å"in part generated by sensationalist media coverage†, Kirsta (2001, p. 5); the corresponding prioritisation of crime-related debates in most party manifestos, Brand and Price, (2000, p. ); the reciprocal investigations into the impact of media messages on crime attitudes are justified on the reality that â€Å"every seconds somewhere in Britain a crime is being committed, and popular newspapers outbid one another to present ever more sensationally lurid coverage of muggings, murders and rapes† Kirsta, (1988, p. 4). While prevailing circumstances may give the impression of a crime epidemic partly due to mass media influence, pinions about direct correlates are not only polarised but problematic in validity and reliability. In analysing the mass media influence on public attitude to crime, I will start by defining ‘mass media’ and ‘crime’. Then, using the television, the newspapers and films as my mass media typologies, I will concurrently critically analyse prevailing opinions on how they impact on public attitude to crime. While the appraisal will evaluate prevailing debates, the conclusion will be a resume of dialogues developed exclusively within the essay. Based on the Harvard model, the bibliography will alphabetically credit citations made within the discourse. Definition Mass media denotes, â€Å"the methods and organization used by special social groups to convey messages to large, socially mixed and widely dispersed audiences† Trowler, (2001, p. 1). The television, newspapers, radio, cinema, mobile phones, films etc are mass media instruments employed in encoding and disseminating messages. Crime denotes â€Å"an action or omission which constitute an offence and is punishable by law† Pearsall, (1998, p. 434). The Mass media attitude-influencing debate With television as the typology, Allen, (1994, p. 37) cites the hitherto elief that â€Å"the camera never lies† to emphasise the trust or reality that majority of the public attaches to mass media messages. From a semiotic and structural perspective, Robert Allen goes on to emphasise that while mass media information are â€Å"partial, motivated, conventional and biased† (p. 38), people simply receive them as †pure information, as an unmediated signifier†. Whi le this tendency and the lack of media literacy may collude to accord consensus to â€Å"the power-wielding ability of the press to instigate public hysteria on crime†, Banks, (2001, p. 7); Trowler, (2001), the correlate between the mass media messages and crime is not only highly contentious but is a factor of a myriad of variables; age, Gunter, (1987); social class, Gray, (1992); gender, Gunter, (1995); race and ethnicity, Gillespie, (1995) and media literacy, Buckingham, (1993b). With television, the newspapers and films as typologies, the medical model perceives the mass media as the syringe, the message as what is injected and the audience as the patient. Accordingly, the influence of the media on our attitudes to crime is a factor of dosage, (the quantity, frequency and extent of exposure to mass media socialisation, Allen, (1994, p. 37); and the resilience, (audience’s selective ability rather than passive attitude to media messages). However, irrespective of our resilience, â€Å"prolonged exposure to biased media message will eventually impact on our attitudes to crime. † Lazarsfeld et al. , (1948). Some sociologists assert that, â€Å"the hypnotic power of the mass media deprives us of the capacity for critical thought. Marcuse, (1972). This is acute within contemporary techno-globalised society where audiences are incessantly bombarded with crime details or crime-explicit films. Regarding films, the murder of James Bulger was attributed to â€Å"re-enactment of scenes from ‘Child’s play 111. † Ford, (1994). Similarly, critics argue that the television, news papers and cinema have socialised aud iences into stereotyping crime so that medical conditions like mental illness are being criminalised. For example society is more predisposed to prejudge innocent mental patients culpable solely by reason of their circumstance compared to affluent criminals. Similarly, the allegation that British society is â€Å"intrinsically racist†, Donald and Rattansi, (1992, p. 4) is exemplified in media reporting that visibly seem to socialised audiences into criminalising ‘Blackness’. Here, subsequent to a fatal assault, a tabloid caption read, â€Å"Chelsea Law-abiding white male lawyer murdered by two black ‘hoodies. ’† The Sun, (2007). The resulting public hysteria and outraged evoked was indicative of the extent to which placid readers had been socialised through minds and thoughts manipulation into passive and stereotypical consumers of bias media messages. Here, the media relegated the actual criminal act of murder into insignificance while readers were manipulated into using ‘blackness’ with implications of racism as primary criteria in their evaluation of the crime. Similarly, the Telegraph headline of December 14th 1985; â€Å"Black Brixton Looters jailed† Trowler, (2001, p. 10) is typical of mass media attitude manipulation so that ‘blackness’ is perceived as synonymous with criminality. Furthermore, the newspapers and television’s preoccupation with technical efficiency at the expense of empathetic concern have socialised audience into making stars of criminals while crime victims are either negated or re-victimised. Kirsta, (1988, p. 105). For example, the social wor ker was isolated and vilified in the Victoria Climbe trails, thanks to media-audience manipulation. The media’s influence here was to manipulate the audience to scapegoat the less credential social worker as opposed to the learned consultant. As in most criminal investigations, the media became the reporter, prosecutor, judge and executioner while the audience passively consented to the media propaganda. Society’s stereotypical perception of social workers â€Å"as indecisive wimps who fail to protect children from death, or as authoritarian bullies who unjustifiably snatch children from their parent† Banks, (2001, p. 17) persist today thanks to media influence. Ultimately, until a herculean revolution is affected to change the way mass media messages are encoded and disseminated, attitudes to crime will always reciprocate and satisfy the mass media’s mind manipulation and socialisation processes. Appraisal While conservatives of the Mary Whitehouse school vilify the mass media for encouraging and â€Å"desensitizing the audience to crime and violence and other forms of deviance†, Trowler, (2001, p. 112), advocates uphold them not only as the primary means of informing the public but argue that audiences â€Å"are complicated filter mechanism that are selective in their interpretation and pplication of mass media messages. Fiske, (1986). Similarly, while this argument may provide plausible reasons to argue that the selective consumption of media messages serves to mitigate the alleged domineering influence of the mass media on public crime attitudes, Robert Allen (1994, p. 6) stressed that â€Å"despite the seemingly self-evi dent manner in which we are able to make sense of television, that ability is in fact a result of our having learned the convention of television reading. Furthermore, although Robert Allen, (1994, p. 14) says â€Å"early mass communication scholars were impressed by broadcasting’s direct, immediate and drastic effects on behaviours and attitudes†,(p. 14), in qualifying his statement, he emphasised that â€Å"the media did not tell people what to think so much as they told people what to think about. † (p. 14). Crime-wise, the debate would then be whether the mass media implicitly drives some people into committing crime or does it rather set the agenda for public discourse on crime? If as a result of the latter, mass media audiences are instigated to undertake dialogue as a result thereof, then, this must be indicative of attitudes that are the result of mass media sensitisation about crime, or counter response to media crime representations. Whatever the case, a comprehensive appraisal of the power of the mass media on crime attitude is inherently problematic since this â€Å"is an under-research phenomenon† Boyd-Barrett and Newbold, (2001, p. 118) which â€Å"operates by conventions rather than by hard-and-fast rules. † Allen, (1994, p. 49). Moreover, McQuail, (1994, p. 27) noted that â€Å"there is little agreement on the nature and extent of these assumed effects. † Nonetheless, while it is generally presumed that the mass media influence audience’s attitudes to crime and â€Å"that television cultivates people’s beliefs† Gerbner and Larry (1976), counter argument asserts that â€Å"an individual’s attitude o r predisposition can modify or sometimes completely distort the meaning of a given mass media message† Boyd-Barrett and Newbold, (2001, p. 127). Furthermore, from an entertainment or escapist perspective, it is argued that television â€Å"is not supposed to be taken seriously. Allen, (1994, p. 4). The issue here is the proportion of mass media audience that are objective enough to discern facts from fiction. Nevertheless, the reality with mass media dependency as our primary source of information or entertainment is that, our attitudes to crime will always mirror some of the shortcomings of the media’s encoding and dissemination processes. Bearing in mind the fact that being a capitalist society where profit-making supersedes ethical and moral values, the various attitudes to crime are factors of vested interest as well as one’s social class within the prevailing economic structure. Research-wise the media’s quest to galvanise readership by stressing the scale rather than the true extent of crime â€Å"is neither ethically acceptable nor logical. † Ennew, (1996, p. 12). Conclusion. In the contemporary techno-globalised world where audiences are not only mass media-dependent for information, Banks, (2001); Trowler, (2001), but are incessantly bombarded with crime minutiae, there is consensus that our attitudes to crime will reciprocate these realities. Banks, (2001); Brand and Price, (2000). However, the extent to which these attitudes are a consequence of media socialisation and manipulation is dependent on a myriad of inter-related variables; age, Gunter, (1987); social class, Gray, (1992); gender, Gunter, (1995); race and ethnicity, Gillespie, (1995) and media literacy, Buckingham, (1993b); There is also consensus that the public’s habitual moral panic and knee-jerk attitudes of indignation, detestation, and sometimes mass hysteria to emotive crime-reporting are usually instigated by sensational reporting â€Å"to increase readership rather than transmit facts. Kirsta, (1988). Nonetheless some critics argue that â€Å"the mass media, rather than changing attitudes, serves to confirm those attitudes already held by audience. † Trowler, (2001, p. 64). Furthermore, the apparent media’s influence on crime attitude is mitigated on the assumption that majority of the public are rationally selective in their consumption of media messages. Fiske, (1986). Holistically, â€Å"the lack of systematic researches into the exact impact of the mass media on our attitudes to crime†, Boyd-Barrett and Newbold, (2001, p. 18), is colluding with other factors to render it necessary to question the reliability and validity of prevailing opinions. Allen, (1994). Thus, until the relevant mechanism is established to address this deficiency, related analysis will forever be shrouded in relativities? Bibliography Allen, R. (1994) Channels of Discourse, Reassembled: television and contemporary criticism 2nd edn. London: Routledge. Banks, S. (2001) Ethics and Values in Social Work. Hampshire: Palgrave. Boyd-Barrett, O. and Newbold, C. (2001) Approaches to Media: A Reader. Tunbridge Wells: Gray Publishing. Brand, S. and Price, R. (2000) The Economic and Social Cost of Crime. London: Home Office Research Study. 217. Buckingham, D. (1993b) Reading Audiences: Young People and the Media. Manchester: UP Ennew et al, (1996) Children and Prostitution: How Can we Measure and Monitor the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children? Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography. New York: UNICEF. Fiske, J. (1986) Television: polysemy and popularity, Critical Studies in Mass Communication. Vol, 3. Ford, M. (1994). Sight and Sound. London: BFI. Gerbner, G. And Larry, G. (1976) Living with Television: The Violence Profile. Journal of Communication, Vol. 26, No. 2. Gillespie, M. (1995) Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change. London: Routledge. Grays, A. (1992) Video Playtime. London: Routledge. Gunter, B. (1997) Children and the fear of crime. London: Libbey. Gunter, B. (11995) Television and Gender: Representation. London: John Libbey. Katz, E. (1979) On Conceptualising Media Effects. Leuven: Catholic University. Kirsta, A. (1988) Victims: Surviving the aftermath of violent crime. London: Hutchison Ltd. Klapper, J. T (1960) The Effect of Mass Communication. New York: Free Press. Lazarsfeld, P. F. Et al. (1948) The People’s Choice. Columbia: Columbia University Press. Marcuse, H. (1972) The One Dimensional Man. London: Abacus. McQuail, D. (1994) Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction, 3rd edn. London: Sage. Pearsall, J. (1998). The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Sun, (2007). Chelsea Law-abiding white male lawyer murdered by two black ‘hoodies. ’ London: The Sun Newspaper. Trowler, P. (1998) Investigating Mass Media. London: Collins Educational.

FIJI WATER HARVARD CASE ANALYSES ON CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FIJI WATER HARVARD CASE ANALYSES ON CSR - Essay Example Two of the main issues that the company was facing were objections about the carbon footprint and the usage of more energy to distribute packed water to required locations. In response to these issues, the company launched a carbon negative campaign claiming that its bottled water has no carbon footprint. However, with all the efforts towards ensuring people that the company adheres to the principles of corporate citizenship about the corporate social responsibility of the company, the critics are still raising concerns about the way the company operates its business activities. Bottled water companies imply that their water is clean as compared to tap water (Ruby). However, in this case study, the CSR issue is that packed water not only produces harm to the environment but also requires a lot of energy for production and transportation. The conservationists and environmentalists are continuously raising voice against the production and distribution of packed water because they think that tapped water has very less amount of carbon footprint as compared to packed water. As Arndt states, â€Å"one of the biggest arguments to support the ban on bottled water is the damage being done to the environment by the plastic bottles† (1). Moreover, they also think that the world is already facing fuel shortage and in such situation, using energy on producing bottled water cannot be justified. Every company needs to resolve these environmental issues by taking appropriate actions in order to demonstrate its corporate social responsibility. The circumstances surrounding corporate social responsibility issues for Fiji packed Water Company include the concerns for green environment and the current water and fuel crises all over the world. The company was going very successful in right through its start until 2008. However, from 2008, the downturn started for the company when people started raising concerns about the corporate social responsibility of

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

ART - Essay Example Zellij Panel is made from polychrome earth ware mosaic and resembles a panel of a wall covering from Bahia palace. The famous Bahia Palace in Marrakech, Morrocco incorporated polychrome mosaic with Zellij Panels on the walls of the palace. In fact, this piece originates from this palace as it was rescued during its abolishment. The name Bahia means brilliance. Bahia Palace got its name from the beautiful polychrome mosaic used to build it. Therefore, Zellij Panel is a beautiful art, which adopts a design of star shapes, squares, and triangles (El Khatib-Boujibar web). Zellij Panel comprises of blue and black lines that originate from the centre and cross each other assuming star shapes, squares, and triangles. According to Khatib-Boujibar, Zellij Panel is a Thin network of lines alternating between blue and black spread from a centrepiece. The network consists of 16-pointed stars surrounded by a black fillet to form a large cross shape delimited by black knot work. On the inside, the re is a myriad of small white twinkling stars (web). Another set of yellow lines join the network outside the centre making larger compositions and star motifs. Zellij Panel use lines that pass around an enclosed area in horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and curve shapes to create three-dimensional shapes. According to Getty Museum, â€Å"A line is an identifiable created by a point moving into space,† (web). These shapes express breadth, length, and depth. The shapes created by different lines create balance to the space, texture, and the colours used. The balance created is symmetrical since similar lines pass through every direction of the square. The central part has a radial balance and although some lines differ on the sides, a symmetrical balance is still achieved. The artist emphasized the central part by making it lighter than the other parts to depict the source of the lines flowing form it. The artist uses colour to capture